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General private law that individuals must observe while engaging in social life. The term 'civil law' has two meanings: one refers to the law named 'Civil Act' that came into effect on January 1, 1960, and has been amended several times thereafter, commonly called the 'Civil Act Code.' The other meaning of civil law is the law that people must follow as human beings while engaging in social life, that is, general private law, regardless of its specific form such as whether it is statutory law or customary law. In this sense, the Civil Act Code is called civil law in the formal sense, and general private law is called civil law in the substantive sense. Our social life can be divided into life for organizing and maintaining the state and life for survival as human beings. Civil law is intended to apply generally to anyone simply as a human being, not only to those with special functions or occupations, so it can be called substantive law that establishes criteria for the occurrence and extinction of rights and obligations, their content, and other judgments on legal relationships.