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A system that deems the prescribed working hours, the time typically required for performing duties, or the time agreed upon in writing by labor and management as working hours under certain conditions when it is difficult to calculate the actual hours worked. It was legislated with the enactment of the Labor Standards Act on March 13, 1997 (Article 52 of the Labor Standards Act). It applies when it is difficult to calculate working hours because a worker performs all or part of the work outside the workplace due to business trips or other reasons, or when highly intellectual abilities are required and it is necessary to delegate the method of performing duties to the worker's discretion.